Background: We investigated the usefulness of the bronchial challenge (BC) with lysine-acetylsalicylate (L-ASA) in the diagnosis of aspirinexacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) using a protocol that combined both the oral challenge (OC) and the BC tests.

Methods: Adult asthmatic patients with suspected AERD who underwent BC with L-ASA were included in the study. If the BC result with L-ASA was negative, an OC was carried out to establish the diagnosis. AERD was ruled out if both the BC and the OC results were negative (nonresponders). Both responders and nonresponders were compared for age, gender, a personal or family history of atopy, underlying disease, current asthma treatment, and presence of nasal polyps. Six patients with asthma but no suggestive history of AERD were included as controls.

Results: Twenty-two patients completed the study. Ten patients tested positive to the BC and/or OC (responders), whereas 12 did not (nonresponders). Seven out of the 10 responders had a positive BC result and 3 a positive OC result. After BC, 4 patients had an early asthmatic response, 1 had a dual response, and 2 had isolated late responses. No significant differences were observed in the aforementioned variables between responders and nonresponders. The results of both challenges were negative in the 6 controls.

Conclusions: The BC had a high positive predictive value, was safe, and when negative, the subsequent OC did not result in any severe adverse reactions. The BC elicited an isolated late asthmatic response that has not been previously described in the literature.

Key words: Aspirin. Asthma. Diagnosis. Bronchial challenge. NSAIDS. Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD).